Subjective mental deterioration of healthcare workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. / Subiektywne pogorszenie stanu psychicznego pracowników sektora opieki medycznej w czasie pierwszej fali pandemii COVID-19 w Polsce.

OBJECTIVES: The presented study is aimed at determining the subjective psychological reaction to the outbreak of pandemic in healthcare workers and is part of a wider research project covering successive waves of increasing number of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. METHODS: 664 respondents completed the anonymous online questionnaire in the period from March 12, 2020 to May 3, 2020. This is the period of the first lockdown in Poland. Data were collected using the snowball method (employees passed the questionnaire over the Internet to subsequent groups of employees in subsequent healthcare units). RESULTS: The outbreak of pandemic had varying impact on the well-being of 96.7% of respondents. Subjectively perceived stress of varying intensity was reported by 97.3% of them, low mood was reported in 19.0%, and anxiety in 14.1% of the respondents. These results and other features of the psychological reaction (including sleep problems) to overload in healthcare workers may indicate mental deterioration in the first weeks of pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in the study group may encourage further analyzes of healthcare workers' mental state and contribute to discussion on the COVID-19 pandemic.

Changes in the Practice of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Poland: A Nationwide Survey Comparing Data Between 2005 and 2020.

BACKGROUND: The use and the characteristics of the practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Poland have not been evaluated since 2005, when a nationwide survey revealed its rare utilization (0.11 patients/10,000 inhabitants/year). The aims of this study were to determine the current use of ECT and to compare the findings with those of the previous survey. METHODS: Two questionnaires were sent to all 48 inpatient psychiatric centers in Poland. The first one - to units providing ECT to explore its practice, and the second - to units not performing ECT to explore the reasons for not using this treatment. RESULTS: Nineteen (39.6%) of all psychiatric inpatient centers confirmed the use of ECT. The utilization rate was 0.13 patients/10,000 inhabitants. Similar to the findings from 2005, the main indications were affective disorders, and bitemporal electrode placement was the dominant method used for the delivery of ECT. Age-based and titration-based methods were applied exclusively in 50% and 25% of the centers, respectively (compared with 15% and 35% in 2005, respectively), while both methods were used in the remaining 25%. Improvements in safety were reflected by the use of comprehensive pre-ECT evaluation and treatment monitoring. None of the centers used sine-wave devices; this contrasts with their use by 29% of the centers in 2005. The main reasons for not using ECT were insufficient funding and a lack of experienced staff. CONCLUSION: The frequency of ECT use in Poland remains very low. In view of the improvement in the quality of health services in the past decade, such a markedly rare use of an effective treatment was unexpected. There is an urgent need of education to create more positive attitude towards ECT among health professionals and among public, and to increase the training of mental health professionals in ECT.